Oregon’s population declined for the second year in a row, new population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau show.

Federal data released Tuesday estimate Oregon shed about 0.1% of its residents, or 6,021 people, in the year leading up to July 1. That comes after the state lost about 0.4% in the year before.

The new census numbers somewhat contradict recent estimates from Portland State University’s Population Research Center, which figures Oregon gained 23,397 residents over the same period, representing a 0.55% growth.

Last year, Portland State University’s findings also told a different story, as the center estimated that Oregon grew by 15,000 residents, or 0.35%, in the year leading up to July 1, 2022. In contrast, the Census Bureau estimated that the state shrank about 16,000 residents, representing a 0.4% decline.

Although the Census Bureau’s numbers run counter to Portland State University’s findings on the direction of population change, the two estimates agree that Oregon’s rapid growth over the last decade, when the state grew as much as 1.9% annually, is now in the rear-view.

While the Census Bureau has yet to release population numbers at the city and county level, the Portland State center estimates that Multnomah County gained 1,728 residents in the year ending in July 1.

The Portland State center’s city population numbers indicate that Portland added 4,015 residents, reflecting a 0.6% growth over the same time period.

Oregon’s aging population and low birth rate means it depends on working-age people moving from elsewhere to join the workforce, pay taxes and shop here. Without them, economists say a slowing population growth will limit the state’s economic growth.